Ke kūlana hana hou o nā mea polyurethane ma Kina
1, e hana ka mea kanu polyurethane i ka nui o nā ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma muli o ka paʻa, maʻalahi e hana hou.Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu i nā ʻano hana hoʻopōmaikaʻi kino a kemika e hoʻihoʻi a hoʻohana hou i nā mea ʻōpala.
2. ʻAʻole i hana hou ʻia nā mea polyurethane ʻōpala i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea kūʻai.Aia kekahi mau ʻoihana loea i ka mālama ʻana i ka polyurethane ʻōpala ma Kina, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻopau ʻia a me ka hana hou kino.
3, he nui nā kulanui a me nā keʻena noiʻi ma ka home a ma waho, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻenehana polyurethane a me ka ʻenehana hana hou ʻana, i hoʻopuka i kekahi mau hopena hoʻonaʻauao.Akā hoʻokomo maoli ʻia i ka noi nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo Kelemania H&S kekahi o lākou.
4, Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻōpala home o Kina, a ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale hope ʻana o nā mea polyurethane he haʻahaʻa, a paʻakikī i nā ʻoihana ke hoʻomau i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka polyurethane ʻōpala no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.ʻO ka hāʻawi paʻa ʻole o nā mea ʻōpala e paʻakikī i nā ʻoihana ke hana.
5. ʻAʻohe maʻamau maʻamau no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala nui.No ka laʻana, nā moena i hana ʻia me ka polyurethane, insulation refrigerator, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kulekele a me nā kaulahao ʻoihana, hiki i nā ʻoihana recycling ke loaʻa kālā nui.
6, Ua hana ʻo Huntsman i kahi ala e hana hou ai i nā ʻōmole plastik PET, ma hope o kekahi mau kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi, i loko o ka ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe kemika me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana ai i nā huahana polyester polyol, nā huahana huahana a hiki i 60% mai nā ʻōmole plastik PET recycled, a me ka polyester. Hoʻohana ʻia ka polyol e hana i nā mea polyurethane kekahi o nā mea maka nui.I kēia manawa, hiki iā Huntsman ke hana hou i ka 1 billion 500ml PET plastic bottles i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a i nā makahiki ʻelima i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ʻia he 5 biliona ʻeke plastik recycled PET i 130,000 tons o nā huahana polyol no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani polyurethane.
Hoʻolāʻau kino
ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka ʻenehana hana hou i hoʻohana nui ʻia.Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻūhā polyurethane palupalu i loko o nā kenimika o nā ʻāpana e ka mea ʻuʻuku, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi mea hoʻopili polyurethane reactive i loko o ka mea hui.ʻO nā mea hoʻopili i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o ka polyurethane foam a i ʻole nā prepolymers e pili ana i ka NCO e pili ana i ka polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI).Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻopili paʻa PAPI no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, hiki ke lawe ʻia ka hui ʻana i ka mahu. a laila kaomi i ka hui ʻana.
ʻO Thermosetting polyurethane soft foam a me nā huahana RIM polyurethane i loaʻa i kekahi degere o ka plastic softening thermal i ka pae wela o 100-200 ℃.Ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka polyurethane ʻōpala me ka ʻole o kahi paʻa.I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka mea hana hou, ʻoki pinepine ʻia ka ʻōpala a laila wela a kaomi ʻia.
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻūhā palupalu polyurethane i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wili a i ʻole ke kaʻina wili ʻana, a hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o kēia ʻāpana i ka polyol, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka polyurethane foam a i ʻole nā huahana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale e hoʻihoʻi i nā mea polyurethane ʻōpala, akā. no ka hoʻemi pono ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana.He 15% ka nui o ka pauda pulverized i loko o ka MDI e ho'ōla ai i ke anu anuanu i ka 15%, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka pauda pulverized he 25% i ka TDI based hot curing foam.
Hoʻolāʻau Kemika
ʻO Diol hydrolysis kekahi o nā ʻano hana hoʻola kemika i hoʻohana nui ʻia.Ma ke alo o nā diols mole liʻiliʻi (e like me ka ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol) a me nā catalysts (tertiary amines, alcoholamine or organometallic compounds), polyurethanes (foams, elastomers, RIM products, etc.) 200 ° C no kekahi mau hola e loaʻa ai nā polyols hou.Hiki ke hui ʻia nā polyols hou me nā polyols hou no ka hana ʻana i nā mea polyurethane.
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻūhā polyurethane i nā polyols palupalu mua a me nā polyols paʻakikī e ka amination.ʻO Amolysis kahi kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai ka polyurethane foam me nā amine i ka wā o ka pressurization a me ka wela.ʻO nā amine i hoʻohanaʻia,ʻo ia ka dibutylamine, ethanolamine, lactam a lactam admixture, a hiki ke hanaʻia ka hopena ma nā mahana ma lalo o 150 ° C. ʻAʻole pono ka huahana hope i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka polyurethane foam i hoʻomākaukau ponoʻia a hiki ke hoʻololi loa i ka polyurethane i hoʻomākaukauʻia mai ka mea mua. polyol.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Dow Chemical i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻōla kemika hydrolysis.ʻO ke kaʻina hana he ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu: ua decomposed ka polyurethane ʻōpala i loko o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopuehu ʻia aminoester, urea, amine a me polyol e ka alkylolamine a me ka catalyst;A laila lawe ʻia ka hopena alkylation e hoʻoneʻe i nā amine aromatic i loko o ka mea i hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a loaʻa nā polyols me ka hana maikaʻi a me ke kala māmā.Hiki i ke ala ke ho'ōla hou i nā ʻano polyurethane foam, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka polyol i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i nā ʻano mea polyurethane he nui.Hoʻohana pū ka hui i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe kemika e kiʻi i nā polyols recycled mai nā ʻāpana RRIM, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia e hoʻonui i nā ʻāpana RIM a hiki i 30%.
ʻO ke ala Hydrolysis - Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide ma ke ʻano he hydrolysis catalyst e hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻōpū palupalu polyurethane a me nā ʻōpala paʻakikī e hana i nā polyols a me nā amine intermediates, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea maka.
Alkalolysis: Hoʻohana ʻia ka polyether a me ka alkali metala hydroxide ma ke ʻano he decomposition agents, a hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā carbonates ma hope o ka decompose foam e hoʻihoʻi i nā polyols a me nā diamine ʻala.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka waiʻona a me ka amolysis - polyether polyol, potassium hydroxide a me diamine ma ke ʻano he decomposition agents, a wehe ʻia nā mea paʻa carbonate e loaʻa ai ka polyether polyol a me ka diamine.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka decomposition o nā ʻōpala paʻakikī, akā hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia ka polyether i loaʻa ma ka hopena o ka propylene oxide e hana i nā ʻōpū paʻakikī.ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o kēia ʻano he haʻahaʻa decomposition haʻahaʻa (60 ~ 160 ℃), manawa pōkole a me ka nui o ka decomposition foam.
Kaʻina phosphorus waiʻona - polyether polyols a me ka halogenated phosphate ester ma ke ʻano he decomposition agents, nā huahana decomposition he polyether polyols a me ka ammonium phosphate paʻa, maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.
Hoʻolaha ʻo Reqra, kahi hui hoʻoheheʻe Kelemania, i kahi ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻōpala polyurethane haʻahaʻa no ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala kāmaʻa polyurethane.I loko o kēia ʻenehana hana hou, ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpala i loko o nā ʻāpana 10mm, hoʻomehana ʻia i loko o ka reactor me kahi dispersant e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia e loaʻa nā polyols wai.
Phenol decomposition method - E hoʻopau ʻo Iapana i ka polyurethane soft foam i ʻoki ʻia a hui pū ʻia me ka phenol, hoʻomehana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻakika, haki ka paʻa carbamate, hui pū ʻia me ka pūʻulu phenol hydroxyl, a laila hana me ka formaldehyde e hana i ka resin phenolic, hoʻohui i ka hexamethylenetetramine e hoʻopaʻa ai, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia me ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, nā huahana phenolic resin maikaʻi loa.
Pyrolysis - hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻōpū palupalu polyurethane i nā wela kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana aerobic a i ʻole anaerobic e loaʻa ai nā mea ʻaila, a hiki ke loaʻa nā polyols ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.
Hoʻihoʻi i ka wela a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāina
ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ikehu mai ka ʻōpala polyurethane he ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni a waiwai waiwai.Ke alakaʻi nei ka American Polyurethane Recycling Board i kahi hoʻokolohua kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka 20% o ka ʻōpala polyurethane soft foam i kahi insinerator ʻōpala paʻa.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ke koena o ka lehu a me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana i loko o nā koi kaiapuni i kuhikuhi ʻia, a ʻo ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala i hoʻopakele nui i ka ʻai ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku.Ma ʻEulopa, ʻo nā ʻāina e like me Suedena, Switzerland, Kelemānia a me Denemaka e hoʻāʻo pū ana me nā ʻenehana e hoʻohana ana i ka ikehu i hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻōpala polyurethane-type e hāʻawi i ka uila a me ka wela wela.
Hiki ke wili ʻia ka ʻūhā polyurethane a lilo i pauka, ʻo ia wale nō a i ʻole me nā mea palaka ʻōpala ʻē aʻe, e pani ai i ka pauka lanahu maikaʻi a puhi ʻia i loko o ka umu e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka ikehu wela.Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka puhi ʻana o ka fertilizer polyurethane e ka micropowder.
I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka oxygen, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka catalyst, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻūhā polyurethane palupalu a me nā elastomers e loaʻa ai nā huahana kinoea a me ka aila.ʻO ka hopena o ka aila decomposition thermal kekahi mau polyols, i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea hānai, akā hoʻohana mau ʻia e like me ka aila wahie.He kūpono kēia ʻano hana no ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala hui pū me nā plastics ʻē aʻe.Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka decomposition o ka polymer nitrogenous e like me ka polyurethane foam.I kēia manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ala.
No ka mea, ʻo ka polyurethane he polymer i loko o ka nitrogen, ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā kūlana hoʻopau maikaʻi loa e hōʻemi i ka hana ʻana o nā nitrogen oxides a me nā amine.Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā umu ahi me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea hoʻopau kūpono.
Hoʻolei ʻia ka nui o ka ʻōpala polyurethane foam i kēia manawa i nā ʻōpala.ʻAʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia kekahi mau huʻa, e like me ka polyurethane foams i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he moena hua.E like me nā plastics ʻē aʻe, inā paʻa mau ka mea i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, e hōʻiliʻili ia i ka manawa, a aia ke kaomi ma ke kaiapuni.No ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻōpala polyurethane ʻāina ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻomohala i ka resin polyurethane biodegradable.No ka laʻana, loaʻa i nā molekala polyurethane nā kalapona, cellulose, lignin a polycaprolactone a me nā pūhui biodegradable ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomaka hou ʻana
I ka makahiki 2011, ua poʻomanaʻo nā haumāna o ke Kulanui ʻo Yale i ka wā i ʻike ai lākou i kahi haʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo Pestalotiopsis microspora ma ʻEkuador.Hiki i ka haʻo ke hoʻoheheʻe a wāwahi i ka plastic polyurethane, ʻoiai i loko o kahi ea ʻole (anaerobic), hiki iā ia ke hana ma lalo o kahi pae ʻāina.
ʻOiai ʻo ka polopeka nāna i alakaʻi i ka huakaʻi noiʻi i ʻōlelo ʻole i ka manaʻo nui ʻana mai nā ʻike i ka wā pōkole, ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻole ʻia i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka manaʻo o kahi ala wikiwiki, maʻemaʻe, ʻaoʻao-eficence-free a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻōpala plastik. .
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hui pū ka mea hoʻolālā ʻo Katharina Unger o LIVIN Studio me ke keʻena microbiology o ke Kulanui ʻo Utrecht e hoʻokumu i kahi papahana i kapa ʻia ʻo Fungi Mutarium.
Ua hoʻohana lākou i ka mycelium (ʻo ka linear, ʻāpana meaʻai o nā halo) o ʻelua mau halo ʻai maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā halo oyster a me ka schizophylla.I loko o kekahi mau mahina, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa ʻia ka ʻōpala i ka ʻōpala plastik i ka ulu ʻana maʻamau a puni ka pod o AGAR hiki ke ʻai.ʻIke ʻia, lilo ka plastic i mea ʻai no ka mycelium.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hana i ka pilikia.I ka makahiki 2017, ua ʻike ʻo Sehroon Khan, he kanaka ʻepekema ma ka World Agroforestry Center, a me kāna hui i kahi haʻo hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka plastik, ʻo Aspergillus tubingensis, i loko o kahi hoʻopaʻa ʻāina ma Islamabad, Pakistan.
Hiki ke ulu nui ka haʻuki i ka polyester polyurethane i loko o ʻelua mahina a wāwahi iā ia i ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Ua hoʻomohala kahi hui ma ke Kulanui o Illinois, alakaʻi ʻia e Professor Steven Zimmerman, i kahi ala e wāwahi ai i ka ʻōpala polyurethane a hoʻololi i nā huahana pono ʻē aʻe.
Manaʻo ka haumāna puka kula ʻo Ephraim Morado e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka ʻōpala polyurethane ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polymers.Eia naʻe, paʻa loa nā polyurethanes a ua hana ʻia mai ʻelua mau mea paʻakikī e wāwahi: isocyanates a me polyols.
ʻO nā polyols ke kī no ka mea ua loaʻa mai lākou mai ka ʻaila a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa maʻalahi.No ka pale ʻana i kēia paʻakikī, ua hoʻohana ka hui i kahi acetal ʻāpana kemika i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a me ka wai.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana degradation o nā polymers i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka trichloroacetic acid a me ka dichloromethane i ka lumi wela e hana i nā mea hou.Ma keʻano he hōʻoia o ka manaʻo, hiki iā Morado ke hoʻololi i nā elastomers, i hoʻohana nuiʻia i ka hoʻopiliʻana a me nā'āpana kaʻa, i nā mea hoʻopili.
Akā ʻo ka drawback nui loa o kēia ʻano hoʻihoʻi hou ʻo ke kumukūʻai a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa o nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokō i ka hopena.No laila, ke ho'āʻo nei nā mea noiʻi e ʻimi i kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻokō ai i ka hana like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka solvent māmā (e like me ka vīnega) no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
ʻO kekahi mau ho'āʻo hui
1. Hoʻolālā noiʻi PUReSmart
2. papahana FOAM2FOAM
3. ʻO Tenglong Brilliant: Hana hou i ka polyurethane insulation material no nā mea hale e puka mai ana
4. ʻO Adidas: He kāmaʻa holo hou loa
5. Salomon: Hana hou i nā kāmaʻa TPU piha e hana i nā kāmaʻa ski
6. Cosi: Ua hui pū ʻo Chuang me ke Kōmike Hoʻohou Moena no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai
7. German H&S Company: Polyurethane foam alcoholysis 'enehana no ka hana 'ana i nā moena sponge.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-30-2023